The health of Welsh coal miners is the cornerstone of Archie Cochrane’s research, the foundation of evidence-based medicine. This work with Welsh miners deepened his commitment to the use of randomized controlled trials to evaluate medical interventions, as he observed firsthand the limitations of unproven treatments offered to miners (Cochrane, 1972).

After considerable thought I wrote out my slogan: “All effective treatment must be free”.

Country’s healthcare system in a nutshell

All Residents of Wales, like all UK residents, have access to public healthcare, and the healthcare system in the UK which is primarily funded through taxation. Healthcare in the United Kingdom operates as a devolved matter so In the UK, responsibility for healthcare is transferred from the central government to each of the devolved nations, meaning that the National Health Service (NHS) in Wales run is managed by the Welsh government Government (Chang et al., 2011).

Welsh Government The latter establishes the strategic framework and health and social care policies that NHS Wales and its partners follow. The NHS in Wales operates through seven Local Health Boards, three NHS Trusts, and two Special Health Authorities. In particular, the Local Health Boards are tasked with planning and ensuring the delivery of a range of services, including primary, community, and secondary care, as well as specialist services such as dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, and mental health. They work to improve health outcomes, promote wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities across their populations (NHS Confederation, 2021).

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Unfortunately, we couldn’t find any statistics about healthcare spending in Wales, but only for the UK. If you have access to this information or can put us in touch with someone who has, please contact us at book@patientsknowbestbook@phr4gov.comorg

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The national PHR

History

In recent years, NHS Wales' Digital Services for Patients and the Public (DSPP) programme has embarked on a significant project: the creation of Wales' own version of England’s NHS App. Welsh requirements included adding the Welsh language, and different functionality.

DSPP programme awarded the app development to Kainos, a software company which was also involved in the development of the NHS app in England.

Private beta with a thousand patients at 10 GP surgeries started in November 2022. DSPP prioritised ensuring At that stage, DSPP priority was to ensure GPs comprehended the app's implications for their patients and take ownership of its integration into their practice.

Public beta testing started in April 2023: it the App was published on Apple and Google app stores for download, and it also started to be available at NHS Wales App website (English) and Ap GIG Cymru (Cymraeg). (Welsh Government, 2023)

Features

Functions are enabled by GP practices: appointment booking, repeat prescription For a patient to be able to use the following features, the GP practice must enable them: booking appointments, re-ordering repeat prescriptions, and viewing a summary of a patient’s GP health record. The app also provides access to national information services ie , such as NHS 111 and organ donation online services, were where available to all.

Appointments:

• patients can ask for request an appointment with the their GP (the GP practice decides what which appointment types are available).

• patients can cancel appointments with the their GP through the app.

GP Prescriptions:

• patients can order a prescription

• patients can view your their existing repeat prescriptions

• patients can view both current and past medicines

Depending on the health board or GP practice, patients may also be able to see:

• medicines the GP has prescribed prescribed by their GP.

• any allergies or allergic reactions patients have told recorded by their GP about.

• test results from their GP.

• "My health timeline", which is a collection of all the patient’s health records and events that is , searchable by date and record type

• "About me and my care", which is a form that helps where patients can describe their healthcare needs, wishespreferences, and plans.

• the app also provides information on organ and blood donation services information.

Patients Know Best

Similar to the NHS App in England, the NHS Wales App integrates services and features developed by various private companies. Notably, it relies on Patients Know Best (PKB) will provide additional features, similarly to the model in England with the NHS App. These functionalities are: to provide patients with access to their test results, a library of health resources, symptomssymptom tracking, measurements, journal entries, care plans and messages, and planning, and messaging. Additionally, the app includes a direct link to PKB, allowing users to access all other PKB features from within the platform. While the core functionality of the NHS Wales App allows enables patients to access their GP records, thanks to the integration with PKB , patients will be able allows them to also view their data from other healthcare providers.

This integration is still in progress and is currently available only in regions where PKB has been designated as the Patient Held Record (PHR) provider. In these regions, patients can access parts of their PKB record within the NHS Wales App and use the NHS login’s encrypted single sign-on for secure access.

Challenges and areas for improvement

The budget that allocated by the Welsh government devoted to for the development of the NHS Wales App is less smaller than England’s the budget provided for the NHS App in England. Therefore, the features As a result, there will be fewer features, and the development process has been and will continue to be slower in by comparison.As the government is locking down NHS login,

there will be less private sector collaboration, meaning that The government's special health authority Digital Health and Care Wales (DHCW) has locked down both the use of NHS Login and access to the NHS Wales App.
Agreements will be between Health Boards and DHCW on behalf of apps or private sector providers rather than those providers getting single approval for use across Wales which means that integration rollout will be slowed and will lead to less private sector collaboration.
While the NHS Wales App should function as a single entry point for digital health and care services for all patients, this will result in unequal access across health boards during these slow rollouts

Published outcomes - statistics

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PKB inside the NHS Wales app

NHS Wales App screenshots

Bibliography

• Chang, J., Peysakhovich, F., Wang, W. and Zhu, J., 2011. The UK health care system. The United Kingdom, 30, p.2019. Available at: link (

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• accessed 2 August 2024).

• Cochrane, A. L. (1972). Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. Available at: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-01/effectiveness-and-efficiency-web-final.pdf (accessed: 2 November 2024).

• Evenstad, L. (30 Mar 2023). Wales is building a dragon of an NHS app. Computerweekly . Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/365534184/The-Welsh-are-building-a-dragon-of-an-NHS-app

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• (

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• accessed: 18 December 2023).

• NHS Confederation, 2021. About the NHS in Wales.

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• (online

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• ) 12 May. Available at: https://www.nhsconfed.org/articles/about-nhs-wales

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• (accessed 2 August 2024

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• ).

• Welsh Government. (17 April 2023). Cabinet Statement: Written Statement - The new NHS Wales App, by Eluned Morgan MS, Minister for Health and Social Services. Available at: https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-new-nhs-wales-app

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• (

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• accessed: 18 December 2023).

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