England's Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)
- Mohammad Al-Ubaydli
The English Indices of Deprivation tool
This is a tool that provides access to the 2019 deprivation data.
If you were looking for the previous 2015 release, it’s available through the 2015 version of the tool.
Description
The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is the official measure of relative deprivation in England and is part of a suite of outputs that form the Indices of Deprivation (IoD).
File Formats
Results are returned in Excel format or as Comma Separated Values (CSV) for easy re-use in your preferred application, e.g. spreadsheet, GIS system, or database.
The tool can obtain deprivation data for up to 10,000 postcodes at a time. The user can also lookup deprivation data by the local authority.
Definitions
Indices of Deprivation (IoD2019)
The Indices of Deprivation 2019 provide a set of relative measures of deprivation for small areas(Lower-layer Super Output Areas) across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income Deprivation, Employment Deprivation, Education, Skills and Training Deprivation, Health Deprivation and Disability, Crime, Barriers to Housing and Services and Living Environment Deprivation. Two supplementary indices are also available; the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI). The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD2019), domain indices and the supplementary indices, together with the higher area summaries, are collectively referred to as the IoD2019.
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD2019)
The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 combines information from the seven domains to produce an overall relative measure of deprivation. The domains are combined using the following weights: Income Deprivation (22.5%), Employment Deprivation (22.5%), Education, Skills and Training Deprivation (13.5%), Health Deprivation and Disability (13.5%), Crime (9.3%), Barriers to Housing and Services (9.3%), Living Environment Deprivation (9.3%). The weights have been derived from consideration of the academic literature on poverty and deprivation, as well as consideration of the levels of robustness of the indicators.
Income Deprivation Domain
The Income Deprivation Domain measures the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation relating to low income. The definition of low income used includes both those people that are out-of-work, and those that are in work but who have low earnings (and who satisfy the respective means tests).
Employment Deprivation Domain
The Employment Deprivation Domain measures the proportion of the working-age population in an area involuntarily excluded from the labour market. This includes people who would like to work but are unable to do so due to unemployment, sickness or disability, or caring responsibilities.
Education, Skills and Training Deprivation Domain
The Education, Skills, and Training Deprivation Domain measures the lack of attainment and skills in the local population. The indicators fall into two sub-domains: one relating to children and young people and one relating to adult skills.
Health Deprivation and Disability Domain
The Health Deprivation and Disability Domain measures the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health. The domain measures morbidity, disability, and premature mortality but not aspects of behavior or environment that may be predictive of future health deprivation.
Crime Domain
The Crime Domain measures the risk of personal and material victimization at the local level. 24 The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 - Statistical Release
Barriers to Housing and Services Domain
The Barriers to Housing and Services Domain measures the physical and financial accessibility of housing and local services. The indicators fall into two sub-domains: ‘geographical barriers’, which relate to the physical proximity of local services, and ‘wider barriers’ which includes issues relating to access to the housing such as affordability and homelessness.
Living Environment Deprivation Domain
The Living Environment Deprivation Domain measures the quality of the local environment. The indicators fall into two sub-domains. The ‘indoors’ living environment measures the quality of housing; while the ‘outdoors’ living environment contains measures of air quality and road traffic accidents.
Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index
The Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) measures the proportion of all children aged 0 to 15 living in income deprived families. Family is used here to indicate a ‘benefit unit’, that is the claimant, any partner, and any dependent children for whom Child Benefit is received. This is one of two supplementary indices and is a sub-set of the Income Deprivation Domain.
Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index
The Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) measures the proportion of all those aged 60 or over who experience income deprivation. This is one of two supplementary indices and is a sub-set of the Income Deprivation Domain.
Lower-Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs)
LSOAs are small areas designed to be of similar population size, with an average of approximately 1,500 residents or 650 households. There are 32,844 LSOAs in England. They are standard statistical geography and were produced by the Office for National Statistics for the reporting of small area statistics. LSOAs are referred to as ‘neighborhoods’ throughout this release.
Decile
Deciles are calculated by ranking the 32,844 neighborhoods in England from most deprived to least deprived and dividing them into 10 equal groups (i.e. each containing 3,284 or 3,285 neighborhoods). These deciles range from the most deprived 10 percent of neighborhoods nationally to the least deprived 10 percent of neighborhoods nationally