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Early investigations show that PHRs were often just a simple form of written notes containing the basic information a patient needs to know about their health. So the importance of maintaining such records predates the digital age. Such records were variously called ‘personal records’, ‘personal health records’, ‘card file for personal record keeping’, and more . (Kim et al.,2011). These records were basic because previously, the medical service system and healthcare providers were the guardians of medical knowledge.
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This is a digital version of a healthcare provider's paper chart. It is used by healthcare professionals only. Patients cannot access data in an EHR.
Tethered - Patient Portal (PP)
A patient portal gives a patient access to medical data but not ultimate control over access. If the patient controls access to the data, it is a PHR, a true personal health record (Al-Ubaydli, 2011). If the organisation controls it, it is an organisation portal. If a regional organisation controls it, it is an organisational portal, and so on.
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Therefore, patient portals include:
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Device Apps are apps where the only data source is a single device, such as a Fitbit. Patient-centered apps are apps where the only data source is data manually entered by the patients themselves.
Untethered - Personal Health Record (PHR)
This is similar to a patient portal but it’s managed and maintained by individuals. People can access, manage and share their health information found in this record.
A PHR is a patient-centered digital health record. The person ultimately controls access to the record.
Here we have an umbrella term for patient portals, tethered PHRsportals, and versus part of untethered PHRs. It enables a two-way exchange of health information between patients and the healthcare system.
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Hopefully, it is now clear that a personal health record is an electronic collection of health documentation that the patient controls and maintains themselves.
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Patients can access their PHRs online and view test results, prescriptions, allergies and other data coming from multiple EHRs. The individual can add to and update the record, alongside the professionally-entered data.
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Bibliography
Al-Ubaydli, M., 2011. Personal health records: a guide for clinicians. John Wiley & Sons. Available at: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Personal+Health+Records%3A+A+Guide+for+Clinicians-p-9781444348255(Brands et al., 2022, p. 2) (accessed 3 November 2024).
Dragstedt, C.A., 1956. Personal health log: guest editorial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 160(15), pp.1320-1320. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960500050013 (accessed 3 November 2024).
Kim, J., Jung, H. and Bates, D.W., 2011. History and Trends of. Healthcare informatics research, 17(1), pp.3-17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2011.17.1.3 (accessed 3 November 2024).
Mareš, J., 2018. Resistance of health personnel to changes in healthcare. Kontakt, 20(3), pp.e262-e272. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1212411718300114 (accessed 3 November 2024).
Ruhi, U. and Chugh, R., 2021. Utility, value, and benefits of contemporary personal health records: integrative review and conceptual synthesis. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(4), p.e26877. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2196/26877 (accessed 3 November 2024).
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